Composite materials should seek development from the viewpoint of improving structural efficiency, process efficiency, and reducing costs. At present, the development trend of composite materials technology mainly includes the following points:
First, new fibers with higher specific strength and specific modulus should be continuously developed and applied, such as PBO fibers, PIPD (M5) fibers, and nanofibers.
Second, to strengthen the application of nanomaterials in composite materials, and to directly use one-dimensional nanowires as reinforcements, the composites can have extremely excellent mechanical properties.
At present, in armored composite materials, reinforced polymer armor materials such as nano-ceramics, carbon nanotubes, and nano-metal oxides have been developed abroad. How to make carbon nanotubes in the polymer well dispersed, straightened, oriented orientation, orderly arrangement will be the focus of nanocomposites still need to be studied.
Third, we should continue to develop functional, structural/functional integration, and intelligent , biomimetic development.
Composite materials have the characteristics of large design freedom, and are suitable for the development of functional materials and structural/functional materials as well as the development of advanced forms. Including the composite development from the macroscopic level to the sub-macro and microscopic levels, the composite development of the electrical, magnetic, optical, and acoustic functions is realized by the realization of the mechanical function, and further to the smart and intelligent composite materials and bionic composite materials. Other developments.
Fourth, to the direction of low-cost development, continuous development of new materials and new technologies. The manufacturing cost of composite materials is usually 20% for raw materials, 70% for forming, and 10% for quality control and inspection. Therefore, the focus of reducing the cost of composite materials is the molding process, followed by the cost of raw materials.
The molding process should break through to improve and develop in the following areas:
First, the development and use of RTM and resin film immersion process (RFI), the development of new low-cost non-heat curing process, mainly microwave, electron beam (EB), ultrasonic, ultraviolet light and other methods.
Secondly, develop process simulation technology, establish models for layering, dipping, curing and other processes and use artificial intelligence to simulate and optimize processes to improve process parameter accuracy, automation, and product qualification.
At the same time, the development of integrated, automated molding process, such as the use of winding - autoclave, autoclave -RTM and other combinations, using pultrusion, winding and other automated processes, the development of automatic molding, a machine multi-mode molding and other molding technology.
The following methods can be used to reduce raw material costs. Using large tow carbon fiber for molding, 160K and 320K carbon fibers have appeared abroad; low-temperature curing, high-temperature resin and prepreg have been developed to reduce energy consumption; hybrid fiber composites have been used.
In addition, the development of composite materials technology. New composite technologies based on microscopic, submicroscopic and microscopic dimensional structures are the focus of the new generation of composite materials development.
For example, in-situ composite technology that produces dispersion in the matrix during the synthesis of the material and has good compatibility with the matrix and no re-contamination; it is characterized by self-heating, self-cleaning, and highly active, metastable structure products. Manifold composite technology; Gradient composite technology characterized by compositional, structural, and performance gradients; Molecular self-assembly technology characterized by the formation of layered high-density, nano-sized uniformly dispersed materials through alternating electrostatic attractive forces carried by the charge matrix; Rely on the molecular recognition phenomenon for the orderly accumulation and the formation of supramolecular structures characterized by molecular compound technology.
Wei Huazhen, the No. 3 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industry Group
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